{"id":331,"date":"2023-12-10T20:57:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T20:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/?p=331"},"modified":"2024-08-30T14:19:18","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T14:19:18","slug":"eski-gunlerden-genetik-algoritma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/?p=331","title":{"rendered":"Eski G\u00fcnlerden&#8230; Genetik Algoritma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">\u015eehir i\u00e7i toplu ta\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck seferlerinin duraklardaki bekleyen yolcu say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re Genetik Algoritma ile planlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirlerde n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun artmas\u0131 ile birlikte toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n \u00f6nemi de h\u0131zla artmaktad\u0131r. Toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n \u00f6nemiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak da belediyeler ilgili ta\u015f\u0131ma maliyetleri konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme konusunda yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu maliyetlerde toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcreleri, ara\u00e7lar\u0131n sefer say\u0131lar\u0131, yol uzunluklar\u0131, yolcular\u0131n \u015fikayetleri gibi bir\u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131t g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak planlama yapmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu planlamalar bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7eklemesi olduk\u00e7a zor bir hale gelmi\u015ftir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Planlamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yol planlanmas\u0131 ve en k\u0131sa yol hesaplamalar\u0131 gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hesaplamalara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sezgisel algoritmalar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar vermi\u015ftir. Bu t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda genetik algoritma her bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme (durak) a g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada toplu ta\u015f\u0131mada kullan\u0131lan otob\u00fcslerin sefer s\u00fcreleri, ve frekanslar\u0131 genetik algoritma ile optimize edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015ftirilen algoritmada otob\u00fcslerin sefer say\u0131lar\u0131, yolcu memnuniyeti ve bekleme s\u00fcreleri de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak optimize i\u015flemi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde, b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirlerdeki ve halk otob\u00fcsleri en yayg\u0131n toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kullan\u0131c\u0131 memnuniyetini etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda yer alan artan seyahat s\u00fcresi, k\u00f6t\u00fc konfor, ekonomik olmayan i\u015flemler ve duraklardaki bekleme s\u00fcreleridir. Bu sorunlar, uygun koordinasyon ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir \u00f6nemli toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma problemleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir koordinasyon ifade edecek olursak;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>            \u2022 Seyahat kapasitesini geni\u015fletmek ve rahat aktar\u0131m yapmak,\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>            \u2022 Her bir durak aras\u0131 farkl\u0131 hizmet alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak servisleri minimize etmek,\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>            \u2022 \u0130yi planlama ve ortak bir tarife yap\u0131s\u0131 .\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00f6t\u00fc koordine edilmi\u015f transferler i\u00e7in uzun, d\u00fczensiz bekleme s\u00fcresi hizmetlerin ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir. Seyahat ve talep aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n detaylar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu detaylar aras\u0131nda ekonomi, yolcu memnuniyeti, transfer s\u00fcreleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu gibi k\u0131s\u0131tlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcresi ve toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 optimize edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Literat\u00fcr Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 otob\u00fcs g\u00fczergah\u0131 a\u011f tasar\u0131m\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r yollar\u0131 ve programlar\u0131 kapsayan geli\u015fme. Lampkin ve Saalmans (1967), Sil adam ve ark. (1974), Dubois ve ark. (1979), Mandl (1980) ve Baaj ve Mahmassani, (1995) sezgisel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m kullanarak otob\u00fcs g\u00fczergahlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi . Shrivastava ve Dhingra(2001) ba\u015far\u0131yla besleyici tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in sezgisel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m uygulamaya b anliy\u00f6 tren istasyonlar\u0131 besleyici halk otob\u00fcsleri i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirir. Sezgisel algoritmalar teorik s\u0131k\u0131 de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ek a\u011flar i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve optimal de\u011ferleri sa\u011flama yetene\u011fine sahiptir. Genetik algoritmalar (GA) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc optimizasyon teknikleri, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir y\u00f6nlendirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ve olmu\u015ftur \u00e7izelgeleme problemleri. Pattnaik et al. (1998), Gundaliya ve ark. (2000), Tom ve Mohan (2003), otob\u00fcs g\u00fczergah\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gaz kulland\u0131. Shrivastava ve Halk otob\u00fcsleri Dhingra (2002) ba\u015far\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan koordineli programlar\u0131 banliy\u00f6 trenleri, mevcut programlar\u0131 kullanarak geli\u015ftirilen besleyici rota a\u011f\u0131 GA. Chien et al. (2003) ve hizmet headway optimize etmek i\u00e7in bir model sundu bir banliy\u00f6 (\u00e7ok-bir) seyahat desen bir alanda hizmet veren bir otob\u00fcs g\u00fczergah\u0131. otob\u00fcs g\u00fczergah\u0131, sistemin toplam maliyetini en aza indirmeyi, operat\u00f6r de dahil olmak \u00fczere ve optimize kullan\u0131c\u0131 maliyetleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7apraz ba\u011flant\u0131lar da dikkate al\u0131n\u0131yor. Zhao ve Ubaka(2004) transit yolu a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in matematiksel bir y\u00f6ntem sundu Optimize edilmi\u015f revask\u00fclarizasyon.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetik Algoritma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Genetik.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Genetik.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Genetik-281x300.jpg 281w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Genetik-768x819.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[<strong>Ba\u015flat<\/strong>] n kromozom rastgele n\u00fcfus olu\u015fturma (problem i\u00e7in uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>Fitness<\/strong>] n\u00fcfusun her kromozom x fitness f (x) de\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>Yeni n\u00fcfus<\/strong>] yeni n\u00fcfus tamamlanana kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tekrarlayarak yeni bir n\u00fcfus olu\u015fturulur\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"a\">\n<li>[<strong>Se\u00e7im<\/strong>], fitness fonksiyonuna g\u00f6re bir n\u00fcfus iki ebeveynin kromozomlar\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>Crossover<\/strong>] yeni bir \u00e7ocuk olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ebeveynlerin \u00fczerine bir crossover olas\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7aprazla. \u00c7apraz yap\u0131ld\u0131, yavrular ebeveynler tam bir kopyas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>Mutasyon<\/strong>] Pop\u00fclasyonda her bir mutasyon olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re yeni yavrular.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>Do\u011fru<\/strong>] Yeni bir n\u00fcfus yerle\u015ftirin yeni yavrular&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>De\u011fi\u015ftirin<\/strong>] algoritma daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeni olu\u015fturulan n\u00fcfus kullan\u0131n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>Test<\/strong>] biti\u015f ko\u015fulu sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, durdurma ve \u015fimdiki n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[<strong>D\u00f6ng\u00fc<\/strong>] 2. ad\u0131ma git<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kromozom Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kromozom bir \u015fekilde temsil \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7ermelidir. En \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan kodlama yolu ikili bir dizedir. Kromozom, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"137\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-22.51.08-1024x137.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-22.51.08-1024x137.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-22.51.08-300x40.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-22.51.08-768x103.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-22.51.08-1536x205.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-22.51.08.png 1842w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kromozomlar olu\u015fturulurken Hat Id ve o hatta ait olan saatlik otob\u00fcs say\u0131lar\u0131 (frekans) ikilik tabana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek birle\u015ftirilir. Crossover ve mutation i\u015flemi ise bu kromozom \u00fczerinde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crossover<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kromozoma karar verdikten sonra crossover uygulamak i\u00e7in frekans b\u00f6lmesi (6bit) al\u0131n\u0131r. Problemin uygulanmas\u0131 gere\u011fince \u00e7aprazlama iki kromozom aras\u0131nda en son 3 bitin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ile yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemden sonra yeni bir kromozom olu\u015fmu\u015f olur ve bunu biz kullanmak \u00fczere kay\u0131t alt\u0131nda tutar\u0131z. Crossover i\u015flemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.04.41-1024x419.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.04.41-1024x419.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.04.41-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.04.41-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.04.41.png 1506w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Crossover sonras\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 incelersek;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hat Id si 5 olan yolun frekans\u0131 crossover \u00f6ncesi 5, crossover i\u015flemi sonras\u0131nda frekans 3 oluyor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hat Id si 14 olan yolun frenkans\u0131 crossover \u00f6ncesi 11, crossover i\u015flemi sonras\u0131nda frekans 13 oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mutasyon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mutasyon i\u015flemi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan bir kromozomun en son bitinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yeni bir gen olu\u015fmas\u0131 ile elde edilir. Son bitin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin sebebi her bir hatta ait otob\u00fcs say\u0131lar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmamakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnek bir mutasyon i\u015flemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"297\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.06.39-1024x297.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.06.39-1024x297.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.06.39-300x87.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.06.39-768x223.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.06.39.png 1508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 14 Numaral\u0131 Hat frekans\u0131 mutasyon \u00f6ncesi 12 iken mutasyon i\u015flemi sonucunda 13 e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Algoritman\u0131n Probleme Uygulanmas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ad\u0131m 1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Veriler y\u00fcklenerek pop\u00fclasyon olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ad\u0131m 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Al\u0131nan veriler \u00f6ncelikle ama\u00e7 fonksiyonuna g\u00f6re maliyetleri hesaplan\u0131r. Bu maliyetler her bir yola ait olacak \u015fekilde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki form\u00fcl ile hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.11.10-1024x133.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.11.10-1024x133.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.11.10-300x39.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.11.10-768x100.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.11.10-1536x200.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.11.10-2048x267.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ad\u0131m 3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ama\u00e7 fonksiyonuna g\u00f6re hesaplanan de\u011ferler kaydedilerek di\u011fer i\u015flemlere devam edilir. Bu a\u015famada yeni maliyeD olu\u015fan listeden rastgele bir miktarda Hat se\u00e7ilerek geneDk a\u015famalar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Bu a\u015famalar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elitizim;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bu i\u015flemde rastgele olarak al\u0131nan listelerden fitness functionlar uygulan\u0131r ve her bireyin ceza puanlar\u0131 bu de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re azalt\u0131l\u0131r. Projede ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta b\u00fct\u00fcn hatlara ait puanlar 100 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ceza puan\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanan bireylerden en iyileri se\u00e7ilerek elit olarak belirlenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.15.20-1024x139.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-338\" width=\"670\" height=\"91\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.15.20-1024x139.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.15.20-300x41.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.15.20-768x104.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.15.20-1536x208.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.15.20.png 1608w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-be92edff-08ea-4677-bf99-35650388ddcd\">\n<li>Crossover\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bui\u015flemdesistemtaraCndanelit\u00fcyelerd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakalan4kromozomse\u00e7ilerekaralar\u0131nda\u00e7aprazlamai\u015flemleriyap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mutasyon\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bu i\u015flemde ise se\u00e7ilen 2 gen&#8217;in son bitleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Son bit 0 ise 1 , 1 ise 0 olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ama\u00e7 Fonksiyonunda ve Fitness FuncDonda kullan\u0131lan terimlerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"794\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.20.31-1024x794.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.20.31-1024x794.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.20.31-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.20.31-768x595.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.20.31-1536x1190.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.20.31.png 1546w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ad\u0131m 4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu a\u015famada toplam maliyet tekrar hesaplan\u0131r. \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fan\u0131p ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilerek d\u00f6ng\u00fc devam\u0131 sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi belirli bir iterasyon say\u0131s\u0131 kadar da tekrarlanabilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak algoritma sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Program Aray\u00fczleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Algoritma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.22.35-1024x665.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.22.35-1024x665.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.22.35-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.22.35-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.22.35.png 1534w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada sadece itarasyon say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geriye kalan bilgilerin tamam\u0131 \u0130lgili makaleden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekranda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekte olan sol \u00fcst tarataki listeye algoritmada her bir ad\u0131mda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler eklenmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011f alt tarata g\u00f6z\u00fcken listede ise algoritma sonucunda de\u011fi\u015fen frekanslar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde program \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonraki ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.25.10-1024x608.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.25.10-1024x608.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.25.10-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.25.10-768x456.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ekran-Resmi-2023-12-10-23.25.10.png 1532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n duraklarda bekleyen yolcu say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re gelme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda genetik algoritma ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Algoritma sonucunda ger\u00e7ek veriler ile yap\u0131lan bir di\u011fer uygulama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Algoritma \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015f veriler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda optimize edilmi\u015f hali ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaynaklar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]&nbsp;Shrivastava P. and O\u2019Mahony M. (2007), Design of Feeder Route Network Using Combined Genetic Algorithm and Specialized Repair Heuristic,&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Public Transport<\/em>, 10, 2,&nbsp;99-123&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]&nbsp;Pattnaik, S. B., Mohan, S., and Tom, V. M. ~1998!. \u2018\u2018Urban bus transit route network design using genetic algorithm.\u2019\u2019 J. Transp. Eng.,124(4), 368-375<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] Tom, V. M., Mohan, S., 2003. Transit route network design using frequency coded genetic algorithm. Journal of Transportation Engineering 129 (2), 186-195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] Kidwai, F.A., Marwah B.R., Deb, K. &amp; Karim M. R. (2005). A Genetic Algorithm Based Bus Scheduling Model for Transit Network, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5,477 \u2013 489<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Emre \u00c7evik<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Ocak 2012<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eehir i\u00e7i toplu ta\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck seferlerinin duraklardaki bekleyen yolcu say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re Genetik Algoritma ile planlanmas\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirlerde n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun artmas\u0131 ile birlikte toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n \u00f6nemi de h\u0131zla artmaktad\u0131r. Toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n \u00f6nemiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak da belediyeler ilgili ta\u015f\u0131ma maliyetleri konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme konusunda yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu maliyetlerde toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcreleri, ara\u00e7lar\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[37,36,16,34,38,35],"class_list":["post-331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunun-icinden","tag-crossover","tag-elitizim","tag-emre-cevik","tag-genetik-algoritma","tag-mutasyon","tag-zeki-optimizasyon-teknikleri"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=331"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":434,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/331\/revisions\/434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emrecevik.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}